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What is an operating system (OS)?
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Software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs.
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Name the four main types of operating systems.
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Business Client OS, Network Operating System (NOS), Home Client OS, Mobile OS.
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What is a Business Client OS designed for?
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To work as a client in a centrally managed business network.
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What is the purpose of a Network Operating System (NOS)?
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Runs on servers to manage network resources and services within business networks.
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What is a Home Client OS used for?
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Meant for standalone use or in small home or office networks.
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What is a Mobile OS?
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An OS used on smartphones and tablets, featuring a touch-operated interface.
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What are some examples of Microsoft Windows OS used in business and home environments?
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Windows 10 and Windows 11.
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Which Windows OS versions are designed for use as Network Operating Systems (NOSs)?
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Windows Server 2019 and Windows Server 2022.
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What is macOS, and what hardware does it run on?
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macOS is the operating system for Apple desktops and laptops, such as Mac desktops, iMacs, and MacBooks.
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Can macOS be installed on non-Apple hardware?
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No, macOS cannot be installed on non-Apple hardware.
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On what type of kernel is macOS built?
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UNIX kernel.
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What type of input device does macOS support?
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Magic Trackpad for touch input, but it does not support touch screens.
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Name the current supported versions of macOS (as of 11/30/24).
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macOS 12 (Monterey), macOS 13 (Ventura), macOS 14 (Sonoma) and macOS 15 (Sequoia).
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What is UNIX, and when was it developed?
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A family of operating systems developed in the late 1960s at Bell Laboratories.
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Describe the kernel architecture of UNIX.
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The kernel manages system resources like CPU, RAM, and input/output devices.
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Describe the shell architecture of UNIX.
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The shell acts as the user interface to interact with the kernel.
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What is Linux, and who created it?
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An open-source OS kernel based on UNIX, created by Linus Torvalds.
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What are Linux distributions (distros)?
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Variations of Linux that include additional features like a shell, desktop environment, and application packages.
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Name some popular Linux distros.
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SUSE, Red Hat, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, and Arch.
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What are the two main release models for Linux distributions?
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Standard Release and Rolling Release.
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What is Chrome OS, and who developed it?
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An OS based on Linux, developed by Google for specific hardware like Chromebooks and Chromeboxes.
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What is the primary use of Chrome OS?
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Optimized for running web applications hosted on servers and accessed through a browser.
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Name the main operating systems for smartphones and tablets.
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Apple iOS/iPadOS and Android.
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What is iOS, and what devices use it?
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An OS based on UNIX, used on iPhones and early iPads.
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How does iPadOS differ from iOS?
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iPadOS is a variant of iOS for newer iPads, supporting multitasking and the Apple Pencil.
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What is Android, and who developed it?
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An open-source OS based on Linux, developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance.
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What is NTFS, and what are its key features?
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New Technology File System; supports large volumes and files, journaling, security features, and snapshots.
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What is FAT32, and what are its limitations?
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An older file system with a 4 GB file size limit and up to 2 TB volume size, lacks security and reliability features.
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What is exFAT, and what is it used for?
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A 64-bit version of FAT for removable drives, supporting large volumes up to 512 TB.
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What file systems do Linux primarily use?
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ext3 and ext4.
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What file system does macOS use, and what are its features?
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Apple File System (APFS), supports journaling, snapshots, permissions, and encryption.
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What are some OS compatibility issues to consider?
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Hardware compatibility, software compatibility, network compatibility, and user training and support.
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What is the importance of an OS's life cycle?
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It determines the support phases, including updates, security patches, and when the product reaches end-of-life (EOL).
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What happens during the "Supported Phase" of an OS life cycle?
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The OS is actively marketed, receives regular patches, and offers feature upgrades.
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What is an EOL system, and why is it a risk?
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End of Life; it no longer receives updates, posing security risks if still in use.