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Command: cd
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Function: Changes the current working directory.
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Example: cd Documents navigates to the Documents folder.
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Command: dir
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Function: Lists files and directories in the current directory or a specified path.
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Example: dir shows all files and folders in the current directory.
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Command: md
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Function: Creates a new directory.
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Example: md newfolder creates a new folder called "newfolder".
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Command: rmdir
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Function: Deletes a directory.
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Example: rmdir DirectoryName removes the specified folder (if empty).
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Drive Navigation: (C: or D:)
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Function: Changes the working drive.
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Example: Typing D: switches to the D drive.
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Command-line tool: ipconfig
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Function: Displays network configuration details like IP addresses and gateways.
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Example: ipconfig shows the current network settings.
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Command-line tool: ping
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Function: Sends a ping to test the network connection to a host.
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Example: ping google.com tests connectivity to Google.
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Command-line tool: hostname
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Function: Displays the computer’s hostname.
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Example: hostname outputs the name of the machine.
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Command-line tool: netstat
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Function: Displays network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics.
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Example: netstat lists all active network connections.
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Command-line tool: nslookup
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Function: Queries DNS to find the IP address for a domain or vice versa.
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Example: nslookup google.com shows the IP address of Google.
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Command-line tool: chkdsk
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Function: Checks the disk for file system errors and attempts repairs.
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Example: chkdsk C: /f scans and fixes errors on the C: drive.
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Command-line tool: net user
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Function: Displays or modifies user accounts on a computer.
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Example: net user username /add adds a new user account.
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Command-line tool: net use
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Function: Maps network drives.
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Example: net use Z: \\server\share maps a shared folder to drive Z:.
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Command-line tool: tracert
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Function: Traces the path packets take to reach a network host.
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Example: tracert google.com shows the route to Google.
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Command-line tool: format
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Function: Formats a disk for use with Windows.
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Example: format D: /fs:NTFS formats drive D as NTFS.
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Command-line tool: xcopy
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Function: Copies files and directories, including subdirectories.
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Example: xcopy C:\source D:\destination /E copies everything from source to destination, including empty directories.
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Command-line tool: copy
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Function: Copies files from one location to another.
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Example: copy file1.txt D:\backup copies file1.txt to the backup folder on drive D.
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Command-line tool: robocopy
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Function: Robust file copying utility. It’s better suited for large data transfers.
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Example: robocopy C:\source D:\destination /MIR mirrors the source directory to the destination.
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Command-line tool: gpupdate
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Function: Updates group policy settings on a computer.
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Example: gpupdate /force applies the latest group policy settings immediately.
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Command-line tool: gpresult
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Function: Displays the result of Group Policy settings for a user or computer.
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Example: gpresult /r shows the applied group policies.
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Command-line tool: shutdown
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Function: Shuts down, restarts, or logs off the system.
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Example: shutdown /r restarts the computer.
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Command-line tool: sfc
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Function: Scans and repairs system files.
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Example: sfc /scannow checks for system file integrity and fixes issues.
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Command-line tool: [command name] /?
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Function: Displays help and syntax for a specific command.
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Example: xcopy /? shows help for the xcopy command.
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Command-line tool: diskpart
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Function: Manages disks, partitions, and volumes.
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Example: diskpart launches the disk partitioning utility.
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Command-line tool: pathping
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Function: Combines ping and tracert to show network latency and packet loss.
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Example: pathping google.com shows the route and latency to Google.
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Command-line tool: winver
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Function: Displays Windows version information.
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Example: winver shows the Windows version and build number.