FLASH CARDS

5.01.1 Troubleshoot common Windows OS problems

  • What is the first step in the Legacy BIOS boot process?

  • Initializing hardware and performing the POST (Power-On Self-Test).

  • What does the MBR do in the boot process?

  • The MBR identifies the boot sector for the active partition, which tells the system where to start loading the operating system.

  • What happens if there are multiple operating systems installed?

  • The boot manager displays a boot menu allowing the user to select which OS to load.

  • What is the role of WINLOAD.EXE in the boot process?

  • WINLOAD.EXE loads the Windows kernel, Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL.DLL), and necessary boot drivers.

  • How does UEFI boot process differ from Legacy BIOS?

  • UEFI reads the GUID Partition Table (GPT) and locates the EFI System Partition (ESP), which contains the EFI boot manager and BCD file.

  • What is BOOTMGFW.EFI's function in the UEFI boot process?

  • BOOTMGFW.EFI reads the BCD file and loads WINLOAD.EFI to start the Windows boot process.

  • What is the purpose of Advanced Boot Options?

  • It provides different startup modes for troubleshooting, including Safe Mode, and is displayed automatically if the OS fails to start.

  • How do you access Advanced Boot Options on a UEFI system?

  • Restart the computer while holding the SHIFT key and selecting Restart from the Power menu.

  • What is Safe Mode?

  • A troubleshooting mode that loads only basic drivers and services, useful for isolating problems with extra drivers or services.

  • What can you do if your computer won't boot normally?

  • Use WinRE (Windows Recovery Environment) to access tools like Startup Repair, System Restore, or a memory diagnostic.

  • Which command in WinRE repairs boot records?

  • bootrec/fixmbr

  • What is the purpose of System Restore?

  • To roll back system configuration changes, like program installations or updates, to a previous state without affecting user files.

  • What types of files are excluded from System Restore?

  • User data files such as documents and pictures are not affected.

  • How do you create a restore point manually?

  • Through the System Protection settings in the Advanced System Settings tab.

  • What command is used to check and repair disk errors?

  • chkdsk