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What is a protocol?
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A protocol is a set of rules that allows devices on a network to communicate and share data.
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What does TCP/IP stand for?
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
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What is the Link Layer responsible for in TCP/IP?
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It handles the physical transmission of data on a local network.
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What technologies are used in the Link Layer?
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Technologies like Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
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What is a MAC address and why is it important?
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A MAC address is a unique identifier for a device’s network interface, crucial for data transmission in the Link Layer.
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What is the Internet Layer responsible for?
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The Internet Layer handles data addressing and routing across networks.
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What is the role of routers in the Internet Layer?
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Routers forward data between different networks in the Internet Layer.
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What does ARP stand for and what does it do?
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Address Resolution Protocol, which translates IP addresses to MAC addresses.
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Is IP reliable or unreliable?
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IP provides unreliable, connectionless data delivery.
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What does the Transport Layer manage?
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The Transport Layer manages multiple connections between devices.
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What does TCP stand for and what does it do?
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Transmission Control Protocol; it ensures reliable, connection-oriented data delivery.
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What does UDP stand for and how does it differ from TCP?
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User Datagram Protocol; it is faster but less reliable than TCP, used for time-sensitive tasks like video or voice.
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What is the role of the Application Layer in TCP/IP?
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It manages specific tasks like web browsing (HTTP), email (SMTP), and file transfer (FTP).
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What is an IPv4 address?
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An address used in TCP/IP networks to identify devices and route data.
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How long is an IPv4 address?
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IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long.
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What is dotted decimal notation?
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A method to represent IPv4 addresses as four decimal numbers separated by periods.
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What is a network prefix in IPv4?
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It separates the network ID from the host ID in an IPv4 address.
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What is a subnet mask?
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A subnet mask is used to divide an IP network into smaller subnets.
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What is slash notation and how is it used?
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It is a notation to represent the length of the network prefix (e.g., /24).
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What are private IPv4 address ranges?
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Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255; Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255; Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
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What does NAT stand for and what is its role?
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Network Address Translation; it translates private IP addresses to public ones for Internet communication.
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What is a default gateway?
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It is the IP address of a router that forwards packets to other networks.
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What is DHCP and why is it important?
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; it automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS addresses.
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What is APIPA?
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Automatic Private IP Addressing; it assigns a random IP from the 169.254.x.x range if DHCP fails.
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What is the difference between static and dynamic IP addressing?
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Static addressing is manual, while dynamic addressing uses DHCP for automatic configuration.
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How are public and private IP addresses different?
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Public IPs are globally unique and routable, while private IPs are only used within private networks.
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What is an IPv6 address?
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A 128-bit address used in IPv6 networks to identify devices.
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How long is an IPv6 address?
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IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long.
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How are IPv6 addresses written?
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IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal and divided into eight groups separated by colons.
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What is SLAAC in IPv6?
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StateLess Address Auto Configuration; it allows IPv6 devices to automatically assign addresses without a DHCP server.
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What is dual stack in relation to IPv6?
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Dual stack refers to devices running both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously.